References

Boulingua draws on a small set of public, openly available frameworks and tools. This page lists those references, acknowledges the inspiration behind the curricula, and provides a citation entry for anyone wishing to cite the project.

Frameworks and standards Link to heading

Inspiration for examination formats Link to heading

The DaF examination-format YAMLs are structurally inspired by the publicly documented model-exam handbooks of the Goethe-Institut (“Prüfungsziele, Testbeschreibung” / “Modellsatz Erwachsene”), ÖSD, and telc. Boulingua is not affiliated with these institutions, and no actual stimulus material from any official model exam is reproduced; only the structural parameters (number of parts, item counts, timing, scoring weights, rubric dimensions) inform the format YAMLs. All stimulus texts on the sites are original to S. Le Boulanger.

A full bibliography of model-exam handbooks consulted lives on each respective subsite — see for example DaF · Literatur.

Tools and platforms Link to heading

  • Quarto — used to author the EFL, FLE, DaF and Ressourcen-Hub subsites.
  • Hugo with the hugo-coder theme — used for this landing page.
  • GitHub Pages + GitHub Actions — hosting and CI.

Open-content acknowledgements Link to heading

Curated external resources linked from the Ressourcen-Hub come from public-service and institutional sources only — among others Deutsche Welle, the British Council, Radio France Internationale, TV5Monde, and the Goethe-Institut’s freely published practice exercises. No commercial textbook material is paraphrased or reproduced.

Use of LLM tools Link to heading

Portions of this project were prepared with assistance from large language model tooling for narrowly defined, non-authorial tasks: copyediting, prose smoothing, Markdown/LaTeX formatting, scaffolding of boilerplate files (CI configs, build scripts), code refactoring. The tools used were Chat AI, the LLM service of KISSKI (GWDG), and a self-hosted Mistral Small (24B, Apache-2.0) run locally via Ollama and the ollamar R package — local inference only, with no data sent to third parties for the self-hosted model.

Licensing Link to heading

  • Website code (Quarto config, Hugo templates, Lua filters, Python helpers, SCSS): MIT.
  • Written content (units, exam exemplars, learning aims): CC-BY-SA 4.0.

Citing Boulingua Link to heading

Machine-readable metadata is provided in each subsite’s CITATION.cff. A suggested citation for the project as a whole:

Le Boulanger, S. (2026). Boulingua — Multilingual Teaching Platform (EFL · FLE · DaF · Ressourcen). boulingua. https://boulingua.github.io/

BibTeX:

@misc{leboulanger_boulingua_2026,
  author       = {Le Boulanger, S.},
  title        = {{Boulingua --- Multilingual Teaching Platform
                   (EFL {\textperiodcentered} FLE {\textperiodcentered}
                   DaF {\textperiodcentered} Ressourcen)}},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {boulingua},
  url          = {https://boulingua.github.io/},
  note         = {MIT (code) / CC-BY-SA 4.0 (content)}
}

To cite a specific subsite, use its CITATION.cff: